Papers of Hazel Hunkins-Hallinan, 1864-1984

The collection contains correspondence, autobiographical writings, articles written by Hazel Hunkins-Hallinan and Charles T. Hallinan, financial records, genealogical materials, photographs, etc. Folder headings in general are original to the collection as it arrived at the Schlesinger Library. It is unclear whether those titles were created by Hazel Hunkins-Hallinan or by one of her children following her death. Folder titles appearing in square brackets were created by the archivist to designate files created from material that arrived at the library unfoldered. Square brackets were also used by the archivist to clarify folder titles. Most of the photographs in this collection are or will be cataloged in VIA, Harvard University's Visual Information Access database. Others, referred to as "uncataloged" photographs, are not of sufficient research interest to warrant cataloging and are simply treated as part of the documents they accompany. The archivist created the arrangement of the files. Additional material received in 2015 (accession number 2015-M219) was added to the collection in January 2016. These materials are housed in #86.1-86.5. All other files remain in the same order. Folders are listed in intellectual, not numerical, order.

Series I, Biographical and personal (#1.1-32.5, 83F+B, OD.1, F+D.1, Mem.1-Mem.2, T-328.1-14), includes correspondence, autobiographical writings, diaries, clippings, report cards, family trees, printed material, etc., relating to Hunkins-Hallinan's upbringing, education, and general interests. Files are arranged in seven subseries.

Subseries A, Biographical (#1.1-2.14), contains scrapbooks, autobiographical writings, clippings, etc., detailing the people and places involved in Hunkins-Hallinan's life. The scrapbooks contain letters, clippings, and printed material detailing Hunkins-Hallinan's later feminist activities, including her role as editor of In Her Own Right and as one of the few living suffragists in the 1970s. The autobiographical writings are anecdotal in nature and focus on specific places and people important in Hunkins-Hallinan's life. Most notable among the writings are those concerning her marriage as well as that of her parents. Files are arranged chronologically.

Subseries B, Education (#2.15-6.7v, 83F+B, OD.1, Mem.1-Mem.2), contains report cards, compositions, yearbooks, diplomas, etc., documenting Hunkins-Hallinan's education from kindergarten through her graduate studies at the University of Missouri. Included are several issues of The Kyote, a monthly periodical published by the students of Billings High School containing poems, stories, reports about the school's athletic teams, "personals," etc. An overview of Hunkins-Hallinan's years at Vassar College can be found in a scrapbook she compiled of photographs, letters, clippings, event programs, dance cards, etc. Files are arranged in rough chronological order.

Subseries C, Personal correspondence (#6.8-13.6), includes correspondence between Hunkins-Hallinan and her friends and acquaintances. Most of the exchanges are filled with details about social activities, news about their respective families, and news about common friends. Early correspondence contains mentions of Hunkins-Hallinan's suffrage activities and letters written during World War II contain details about life in London during repeated bombing strikes. Her correspondence with Charles during the 1940s focuses on their marital difficulties. During Hunkins-Hallinan's evacuation to the United States during World War II, Charles remained in London and eventually had an affair. Hunkins-Hallinan's letters express her anger and hurt as well as her desire somehow to salvage the marriage. The few letters from Charles defend his actions and instruct Hunkins-Hallinan not to tell anyone about the affair. Files are arranged alphabetically with those relating to family members first, followed by exchanges with friends. A chronological files of general correspondence kept by Hunkins-Hallinan is last.

Subseries D, Diaries (#13.7v-19.2v), contains journals filled mainly with lists of appointments, financial accounts, and household activities, including details about the renovating of 15 Belsize Park in the late 1950s. In 1947, a few entries address marital difficulties between Hazel and Charles stemming from an affair Charles had with a woman named Catherine Gallagher. Narrative entries also coincide with Hunkins-Hallinan's journeys to the United States. In these entries, she comments on her children and grandchildren, her visits to the National Woman's Party headquarters, and feminist meetings and marches she attended. Also found throughout the diaries are accounts of various treatments Hunkins-Hallinan undertook in an attempt to relieve respiratory problems caused by chronic bronchitis and asthma. Most of these treatments were given at health spas and involved special diets, steam treatments, and colonics. The diaries are arranged chronologically.

Subseries E, General personal (#19.3-29.8), contains membership and identification cards, passports, bank statements, check stubs, correspondence, address books, etc. Files relating to Hunkins-Hallinan's medical history include correspondence with doctors, bills, her notes about treatments, etc., mostly concerning her chronic respiratory illnesses. Also included in this subseries is a journal that was originally used by Ensign Lewis Hunkins as a minute and account book for the Patriotic Order Sons of America Hall Association in Aspen, Colorado, then as a recipe book by Anna Hunkins, and finally as a recipe book by Hunkins-Hallinan. Files are arranged with Hunkins-Hallinan's identification documents first, followed by a chronological arrangement.

Subseries F, Talks and radio broadcasts (#29.9-30.2, T-328.1-14), contains speeches, broadcast transcripts, correspondence, notes, clippings, audiotapes, etc., covering a broad variety of topics, including feminism, American history, and poetry. Most of the broadcast transcripts concern her experiences as an American living in England, particularly during the early phases of World War II. The audiotapes center around Hunkins-Hallinan's feminist activities and include interviews with Hunkins-Hallinan conducted by Fern Ingersoll in 1980. Also included is a short recording of Alice Paul from the 1970s. Files are arranged chronologically.

Subseries G, Genealogy (#30.3-32.5, F+D.1), contains family trees, correspondence, photocopies of historic documents, and Hunkins-Hallinan's writings about the Hunkins and Hallinan families. Also included in these files are copies of Hunkins-Hallinan's birth certificate, Hunkins-Hallinan and Charles Hallinan's marriage certificate, and papers documenting Charles' divorce from Josephine (Redfield) Hallinan. Files are arranged alphabetically with those relating to the Hunkins family first, followed by those relating the Hallinan family.

Series II, Professional (#32.6-50.8, F+D.1, SD.1), contains correspondence, resumes, reports, drafts of articles, clippings, financial records, etc., detailing Hunkins-Hallinan's employment history, work as a journalist and editor, and her attempts to gain employment. Files are arranged in five series.

Subseries A, Employment (#32.6-34.14), includes correspondence, reports, resumes, etc., relating to her work for the National War Labor Board as a researcher and an occasional union investigator and her work during World War II for the Foreign Economic Administration where she compiled data and formulated reports. Also included are correspondence and resumes detailing Hazel's attempts to gain employment with the United States government following World War II. Files are arranged chronologically.

Subseries B, Writings as Ann Whittingham (#35.1-38.19), includes typescript drafts and published copies of articles. The articles were part of a column called "London Letters" published in the Chicago Tribune. Articles focused on British society, particularly American involvement in British society. The column also included information about everyday life in England as it was experienced by an American living abroad. In order to preserve her integrity as a "hard news" reporter, Hunkins-Hallinan adopted the pseudonym "Ann Whittingham," a slightly altered form of her mother's maiden name. Files are arranged chronologically.

Subseries C, Other writings and editing projects (#38.20-41.12), includes drafts of articles, published articles, correspondence, notes, clippings, etc., mainly on the topics of child rearing, feminism, and World War II. Early articles on feminist topics, including marriage and the Equal Rights Amendment, were written for American audiences, and many appeared in Equal Rights. Later articles focused on British feminist topics, such as abortion and tributes to British feminists, and were mainly written for the Six Point Group newsletter. During the early years of World War II, Hunkins-Hallinan wrote several articles for American publications about daily life in London and women's contributions to the war effort. In addition to articles, materials include letters from publishers concerning the acceptance or rejection of articles and clippings and notes she used in the writing of articles. Also included are correspondence, minutes, drafts, etc., relating to In Her Own Right. Published in 1968, In Her Own Right was a collection of feminist essays that was developed and compiled by the Six Point Group. As president of the group, Hunkins-Hallinan oversaw the planning of the project and edited the essays as they were submitted. The correspondence contains exchanges between Hunkins-Hallinan and the essayists, between Hunkins-Hallinan and the publisher, and between Hunkins-Hallinan and members of the group about the direction of the project. The minutes document the planning meetings of a subcommittee convened to develop the book. Folders are arranged chronologically.

Subseries D, World War II research files (#42.1-43.8), includes correspondence, notes, manuscript drafts, photographs, printed materials, etc., compiled by Hunkins-Hallinan for use in a proposed writing about World War II. The correspondence documents Hunkins-Hallinan's attempts to interest publishers in the project, which was intended to focus on women's contributions to the war effort. There is also correspondence documenting Hunkins-Hallinan's efforts to collect information from British government sources. The photographs, generally commissioned by the British government, depict women in military roles as well as performing civilian jobs normally performed by men. The printed materials include propaganda booklets developed by the British government. Among these are booklets lauding women's commitment to the war effort both through military service and civilian efforts. Also included are several booklets containing recipes and instructions for cooking with rationed goods. Files are arranged chronologically.

Subseries E, Belsize Park Properties, Ltd. (#43.9-50.8, F+D.1, SD.1), contains correspondence, financial records, rental agreements, apartment inventories, property leases, etc., relating to a rental property management company founded by Hunkins-Hallinan. As she grew older and her health deteriorated, she founded the company as a means of earning money without too much physical exertion. Working with a small number of investors, she purchased a fifty-year lease for 15 Belsize Park in London. Hunkins-Hallinan then renovated the furnished apartment building and rented the apartments. Inventories in the collection detail the furnishing acquired with the building and the files relating to bills contain information concerning Hunkins-Hallinan's renovations. The correspondence documents the difficulties Hunkins-Hallinan experienced in her dealings with contractors and the frequent billing errors she encountered in her dealings with utility companies. There is also correspondence concerning Hunkins-Hallinan's interactions with tenants. Many of the exchanges contain information about tenants' careers and personal lives, while a few of the exchanges concern failures to pay rent or damage caused by tenants to the apartments. Banking files include bank statements and check stubs documenting the income and costs incurred by Belsize Park Properties, Ltd. In addition to Belsize Park Properties, Ltd.'s property lease agreement, there are property lease agreements for the building at 15 Belsize Park dating back to 1864. Files are arranged alphabetically.

Series III, Feminist activities (#50.9-65.4, 86.1-86.5, F+D.1, Mem.3-Mem.7), includes correspondence, clippings, minutes, notes, printed material, etc., relating to Hunkins-Hallinan's American and British feminist activities. Files are arranged in two subseries.

Subseries A, Six Point Group (#50.9-61.6), contains correspondence, clippings, minutes, notes, printed materials, etc. The Six Point Group was a non-party political organization founded in 1921 by Lady Rhondda and other suffragists with the goal of improving the status of women through education and Parliamentary measures. Some of the topics addressed by the group included equal education, equal pay, equal partnership in marriage, pensions, abortion, etc. Hunkins-Hallinan served terms as both secretary and president of the organization and was president when the group disbanded in 1981. Files document the internal workings of the organization, including numerous discussions of disbanding and disagreements the group had with the Fawcett Society. Additional files document a program maintained by the group that provided speakers to address organizations and to speak to girls still in school. Also represented are lobbying efforts made by the group on behalf and against specific Parliamentary measures. Hunkins-Hallinan actively collected Six Point Group records from other members. She donated those records, along with most of her own, to the Women's Library in London. Files are arranged alphabetically with general and administrative files first, followed by correspondence and subject files.

Subseries B, General (#61.7-65.4, 86.1-86.5, F+D.1, OD.2, Mem.3-Mem.7), includes correspondence, clippings, notes, printed material, etc., documenting Hunkins-Hallinan's feminist activities and interests outside of the Six Point Group. Early files document Hunkins-Hallinan's involvement in the American suffrage movement and include flyers, a National Woman's Party campaign textbook, clippings about Hunkins-Hallinan, and notes she took about the often hostile individuals she encountered while she was picketing. Other files document Hunkins-Hallinan's interest in feminist efforts around the world. In addition to general reference files concerning specific countries, Hunkins-Hallinan attended the World Congress of Women in Moscow (1963) and presented a paper at a conference in 1978 in Venice honoring Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia, who was the first woman to ever receive a doctoral degree. There are also files representing Hunkins-Hallinan's interest and participation in British feminist groups, including the Fawcett Society, a group devoted to gaining equality for women. Also among these files are letters, programs, newsletters, etc., relating to Women for Westminster, an organization founded in 1942 by Rebecca Sieff and Teresa Billington-Greig whose goal was to gain representation for women in the rebuilding efforts in England following World War II. Hunkins-Hallinan does not appear to have been a member of the group, which merged with the National Women's Citizenship Association in 1949, but appears to have acquired the papers from Violet McEwen. Files are arranged chronologically.

Series IV, Charles Thomas Hallinan (#65.5-76.8), contains correspondence, drafts of articles, clippings, financial records, etc., relating to Charles' personal life and professional work. Files are arranged in three subseries.

Subseries A, General personal (#65.5-67.8), includes school compositions, report cards, financial records, diaries, printed material, etc. Files document Charles' education from the high school level through the two years he spent at Dartmouth College. Financial records include check stubs and documents relating to Charles' income tax claims. Charles used his diaries to track his income and expenditures and to record occasional events such as birthdays. Also included are passports and passes to the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, which Charles attended with his father. Files are arranged chronologically.

Subseries B, Correspondence (#67.9-71.7), includes letters from Josephine and Frances Hallinan, as well as correspondence between Charles and his friends and colleagues. Josephine (Redfield) Hallinan was Charles' first wife and mother of his daughter, Frances. The letters begin in 1920 when Charles moved to London to be with Hunkins-Hallinan, leaving Josephine to handle the details of the divorce. The letters recount Josephine's experience with the legal process of divorce, including her first sight of a courtroom. Most of the letters contain news about Frances' development, interests, and schooling. They also describe Josephine's attempts to return to the teaching profession and her financial struggles as a single mother. Letters from Frances include details about her love of animals, vacations to the Redfield family home, "the Grove," and her schooling. Frances' letters also express her hurt over her father's leaving and her anger towards Hunkins-Hallinan as the reason for his leaving. Correspondence between Charles and his friends and colleagues contain news of common friends and often contain discussions about world events, usually from a Socialist standpoint. Files are arranged chronologically.

Subseries C, Professional (#71.8-76.8), includes correspondence, drafts of articles, published articles, etc., documenting Charles' work as a journalist. Most of the articles and correspondence relate to Charles' work on international economic issues. In the 1920sand 1930s, Charles wrote articles for "London," a column about daily life in London that appeared in the Chicago Tribune. To preserve his reputation in the financial world, Charles wrote the "London" articles under the pseudonym "Carl Hunkins," which was Hunkins-Hallinan's half-brother's name. There is also correspondence relating to Charles' work as an editor for The Statesman's Yearbook, a publication providing comprehensive information on international politics, economics, and social issues. Files are arranged chronologically.

Series V, Hunkins family (#76.9-82.5, F+D.1), contains correspondence, legal documents, notes, cetificates relating to fraternal orders, Civil War documents, etc., belonging to Hunkins-Hallinan's parents and half-brother. Files are arranged in three subseries.

Subseries A, Anna Isabel (Whittingham) Hunkins (#76.9-81.12), includes correspondence, legal documents, passports, etc., belonging to Hunkins-Hallinan's mother. Included are letters from Ensign Lewis Hunkins to Anna while she was attending St. Mary's Seminary, which Ensign was financing according to their marriage agreement. Ensign writes of his eagerness for their wedding; what he considers proper behavior for Anna, including not cutting her hair; and how important he thinks it is for her to finish her schooling. Letters from Hunkins-Hallinan detail her experiences as a student at Mount Ida School, Vassar College, and the University of Missouri. Throughout the letters, Hunkins-Hallinan repeatedly expresses how much she misses home, both the people and the open space of Montana. She also recounts her activities, including shopping trips, dances, informal teas held in dorm rooms, and sporting events. She also discusses her wardrobe frequently, often in comparison to the clothes of the wealthy young women at Mount Ida School and Vassar College. Letters between 1916 and 1920 relate details about her suffrage activities in Montana, California, Utah, Washington, D.C., and New York. It is obvious that her mother disapproved of her suffrage activities and the letters are filled with reassurances that Hunkins-Hallinan is not doing anything that will embarrass her mother. Letters written between 1920 and 1921 contain details about Hunkins-Hallinan's relationship with Charles, her pregnancy, and details about Nancy's early childhood development. Several of the letters detail the story Hunkins-Hallinan wanted her mother to tell people about her relationship with Charles. Anna was supposed to tell friends that Hunkins-Hallinan had very suddenly fallen in love with a prominent journalist and they were married very quickly and had moved to London due to a job opportunity. This would protect everyone involved from any malicious gossip that might result from Hazel's actions. Folders are arranged chronologically.

Subseries B, Ensign Lewis Hunkins (#82.1-82.3, F+D.1), contains membership certificates from several fraternal orders Ensign belonged to and documents relating to Ensign's Civil War service. Ensign served in the United States Army Signal Corps in the New Bern area of North Carolina. Materials include a diary kept by Ensign in 1864, which describes the weather, a small battle that occurred in early February, his financial accounts for the year, and mundane tasks such as mending his clothes. Other documents include discharge and pension papers. Files are arranged chronologically.

Subseries C, Carl Blake Hunkins (#82.4-82.5), contains a notebook and letter belonging to Hunkins-Hallinan's half-brother. The son of Ensign Lewis Hunkins and Annie (Blake) Hunkins, Carl was born August 25, 1875, in Haverhill, Massachusetts. Following his parents' divorce, Carl remained with his mother until he was sent to live with his father soon after Hazel was born. The notebook contains notes, possibly taken by Carl, on Christian Science. Also included is a letter from Hunkins-Hallinan written in 1950 recounting her genealogical work and containing news of her children. Folders are arranged chronologically.

Series VI, Photographs (#PD.1-PD.28), includes photographs and negatives. There are portraits of Hunkins-Hallinan, Charles, Ensign Hunkins, Anna Hunkins, Carl Hunkins, miscellaneous family members and classmates of Hunkins-Hallinan's. Also included are snapshots of the Whittingham and Boots family as well as scenic images of the Midwest. Images representing Hunkins-Hallinan's suffrage activities include portraits of other suffragists, snapshots of Hunkins-Hallinan and others picketing the White House, a snapshot of Hunkins-Hallinan standing next to the airplane from which she dropped leaflets, and an image of Hunkins-Hallinan and others working at the Occoquan Workhouse. Other images depict Hunkins-Hallinan and Charles' children and friends, the house managed by Hunkins-Hallinan located at 15 Belsize Park, and Hunkins-Hallinan's participation in feminist-related conferences and trips. The arrangement of the photographs roughly reflects the arrangement of series I-V. The photographs removed from other files in the collection are located at the end of the series.